Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a hormonal condition that can affect periods, skin, hair, and fertility. Common signs include irregular periods, acne, unwanted facial or body hair, and thinning scalp hair. Some people also have weight gain or insulin resistance. You can have PCOS without having ovarian cysts.

PCOS is diagnosed from a pattern of symptoms, medical history, and testing, not one test alone. A physician checks for irregular ovulation, signs of higher androgen levels, and sometimes ultrasound findings. They also rule out other causes. An ultrasound is not always needed to make the diagnosis.

PCOS can prevent regular ovulation, which can make periods late, unpredictable, or absent. Going a long time without a period may allow the uterine lining to become too thick. If you have gone about three months without a period, contact a physician and take a pregnancy test if pregnancy is possible.

Combined hormonal birth control can help manage irregular bleeding, acne, and unwanted hair growth in PCOS when pregnancy is not a goal. Results vary. It can also protect the uterine lining. A licensed physician must review your history because estrogen-containing options are not safe for everyone.

Spironolactone blocks some effects of androgen hormones and may help PCOS-related acne and unwanted hair growth. Results vary, and changes can take several months. This use is off-label. It is not appropriate during pregnancy, and a physician must review kidney health, potassium risks, and other medications before prescribing.

Metformin may be used off-label for PCOS when insulin resistance or blood sugar concerns are part of the picture. It may also help some people have more regular cycles. Results vary. A physician reviews kidney function, health history, and pregnancy goals before deciding whether metformin is appropriate.

Food choices, regular movement, and enough sleep can support metabolic health with PCOS, even without weight loss. Results vary. There is no single required PCOS diet. Care should fit your needs and avoid shame or extreme restrictions. Lifestyle habits may be used alongside medication, not as a test you must pass.

Yes, pregnancy is possible with PCOS, though irregular ovulation can make it harder to predict fertile days or conceive. Some people conceive without treatment, while others need fertility care. Results vary. If pregnancy is your goal, review your medications and cycle history with a physician before trying.

PCOS is linked with higher risks of type 2 diabetes, abnormal cholesterol, sleep apnea, and thickening of the uterine lining. Depression and anxiety are also more common. These problems do not affect everyone with PCOS. Regular checkups help your physician decide which screenings and treatments you need.

A Verra Health telehealth visit can help review PCOS symptoms and treatment options. A licensed physician in your state decides whether treatment is appropriate. Lab tests, imaging, or an in-person exam may still be needed. Verra is available in all 50 states and DC; some states or medications require video visits.