Who is at risk for obstructive sleep apnea?

Several factors can make the upper airway more likely to narrow during sleep. These include excess tissue around the neck, a small or recessed jaw, large tonsils, and ongoing nasal blockage. Family history and older age also matter. OSA can occur in people who are young or have a lower body weight.

OSA is more common in men, and risk in women rises after menopause. Pregnancy can also increase risk. Children can develop OSA, often related to enlarged tonsils or adenoids, and need evaluation by a clinician who treats children.

Alcohol near bedtime can relax throat muscles and worsen airway blockage. Some medicines that cause sedation can also affect breathing. Opioids may cause other forms of sleep-related breathing problems, including central sleep apnea. Do not stop a prescribed medicine on your own.

Tell your physician about snoring, breathing pauses, daytime sleepiness, and all medicines you take. A licensed physician in your state decides which testing and medical treatment are appropriate for your situation.